We have all heard the humorous anecdotes of how coffee gets you moving…. inside and out. Yet, researchers at the University of Texas, Galveston, are studying rats to find out exactly why this seems to be true. Interestingly, from data presented yesterday at the Digestive Disease Week® (DDW) 2019 Conference, the study investigators suggest that the effects of coffee on our bowels seem to have little to do with caffeine.
Findings from the study—which were presented at the conference yesterday in a presentation entitled “In vivo and in vitro effects of coffee on gut microbiota and smooth muscle contractility in rats”—showed that feeding rats coffee and also mixing it with gut bacteria in Petri dishes, suppressed the microbes and increased muscle motility, regardless of caffeine content.
“When rats were treated with coffee for three days, the ability of the muscles in the small intestine to contract appeared to increase,” noted lead study investigator Xuan-Zheng Shi, PhD, associate professor of internal medicine at the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston. “Interestingly, these effects are caffeine-independent, because caffeine-free coffee had similar effects as regular coffee.”
Coffee has long been known to increase bowel movement, but researchers have not pinpointed the specific reason or mechanism. In the current study, the scientists examined changes to bacteria when fecal matter was exposed to coffee in a petri dish, and by studying the composition of feces after rats ingested differing concentrations of coffee over three days. This study also documented changes to smooth muscles in the intestine and colon, and the response of those muscles when exposed directly to coffee.
Remarkably, the research team found that growth of bacteria and other microbes in fecal matter in a petri dish was suppressed with a solution of 1.5% coffee, and growth of microbes was even lower with a 3% solution of coffee. Decaffeinated coffee had a similar effect on the microbiome.
Moreover, after the rats were fed coffee for three days, the overall bacteria count in their feces were decreased, but researchers said more research is needed to determine whether these changes favor firmicutes, considered “good” bacteria, or enterobacteria, which are regarded as negative.
Muscles in the lower intestines and colons of the rats showed increased ability to contract after a period of coffee ingestion, and coffee stimulated contractions of the small intestine and colon when muscle tissues were exposed to coffee directly in the lab.
The results support the need for additional clinical research to determine whether coffee drinking might be an effective treatment for post-operative constipation, or ileus, in which the intestines quit working after abdominal surgery, the authors noted.
