Scientists from the University of Rome Tor Vergata and the University of Montreal say they have designed and synthesized a nanoscale DNA-based drug delivery system that is 20,000 times smaller than a human hair. This molecular “slingshot” could deliver drugs at precise locations in the human body once triggered by specific disease markers, according to the investigators.
The team's paper (“Antibody-Powered Nucleic Acid Release Using a DNA-Based Nanomachine”) is published in Nature Communications.
The molecular slingshot is only a few nanometers long and is composed of a synthetic DNA strand that can load a drug and then effectively act as the “rubber band” of the slingshot. The two ends of this DNA rubber band contain two anchoring moieties that can specifically stick to a target antibody expressed in response to different pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. When the anchoring moieties of the slingshot recognize and bind to the arms of the target antibody, the DNA rubber band is stretched and the loaded drug is released.
“One impressive feature about this molecular slingshot,” says Francesco Ricci, Ph.D., associate professor of chemistry at the University of Rome Tor Vergata, “is that it can only be triggered by the specific antibody recognizing the anchoring tags of the DNA rubber band. By simply changing these tags, one can thus program the slingshot to release a drug in response to a variety of specific antibodies. Since different antibodies are markers of different diseases, this could become a very specific weapon in the clinician's hands.”
“Another great property of our slingshot,” adds Alexis Vallée-Bélisle, Ph.D., assistant professor in the department of chemistry at the University of Montreal, “is its high versatility. For example, until now we have demonstrated the working principle of the slingshot using three different trigger antibodies, including an HIV antibody, and employing nucleic acids as model drugs. But thanks to the high programmability of DNA chemistry, one can now design the DNA slingshot to [deliver] a wide range of therapeutic molecules.”
Dr. Ricci envisions that similar molecular systems may be used in the near future to deliver drugs to specific locations in the body. “This would drastically improve the efficiency of drugs as well as decrease their toxic secondary effects,” he says.
The next step in the project is to target a specific disease and drug for which the therapeutic slingshot can be adapted for testing on cells in vitro, prior to testing in mice.
